有同學問了非常好的問題
那就是: 如果不是我們上次談到的, 形容感覺的字
到底該用 "動詞+ing" 變成的形容詞, 還是用 "過去分詞" 當形容詞呢?
其實判別的秘訣很簡單:
如果是該名詞去做那個動作, 就用主動語態的 Ving 當形容詞
如果是該名詞 "...", 就用被動語態的過去分詞 (p.p.) 當形容詞
我們以 answer 這個動詞和 machine (機器) 這個名詞為例
所謂 "答錄機", 就是一台自己會接電話的機器, 而不是機器 "被接聽"
因此 "答錄機" answering machine 而非 answered machine
但如果要表達 "一通未接聽的電話"
要用 answer 搭配 call 的時候
電話是 "被接聽" 而不是自己 "去接聽"
因此 "未接聽的電話" an unanswered call a missed call
有的時候, Ving 看起來像是形容詞, 但事實上卻是個名詞
像在 opening hours (開放時間), closing ceremony (閉幕典禮)
running mate (競選搭檔) 裡面
就不是指 hours 會自己去 open
而是用名詞修飾另一個名詞的用法, 就像 taxi driver 一樣
此時的 opening, closing, running 都是 "動名詞"
也就是由動詞加 ing 形成的一種名詞
反過來想, 在 “開放時間” 裡, 時間並不是 “被開放”


(是場所被開放)


所以也不能用被動的 opened hours
現在請大家依此原則, 來想想以下的情況該用哪個字當形容詞:
1. board (登機) + pass (通行證) = 登機證 boarding / boarded pass (選一)
2. burn (燃燒) + building = 燃燒中的大樓 burning / burned building
3. wash + machine = 洗衣機 washing / washed machine
4. break (弄壞) + car = 壞掉的車 breaking / broken car
5. cut + board (板子) = 切菜板 cutting / cut board
cut + apple = a cutting / cut apple
6. sing + show = 歌唱節目 singing / sung show
7. hide (隱藏) + treasure (寶藏) = 埋藏的寶藏 hiding / hidden treasure
8. please (取悅) + personality (個性) = 討人喜歡的個性 pleasing / pleased personality
9. drive + lessons = 駕駛訓練課程 driving / driven lessons
10. paint (油漆) + wall = 有上漆的牆 painting / painted wall
Answers:
1. boarding 2. burning 3. washing
4. broken 5. cutting, cut 6. singing
7. hidden 8. pleasing 9. driving 10. painted

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